{"id":2536,"date":"2021-06-17T21:41:21","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlineenglishstudies.com\/?p=2536"},"modified":"2021-06-19T20:44:37","modified_gmt":"2021-06-19T20:44:37","slug":"the-grammatical-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineenglishstudies.com\/the-grammatical-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"The Grammatical Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"
Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Clause<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Sentence<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a01.1 <\/strong>Define the Phrase.<\/strong><\/p>\n The phrase is a meaningful group of words without a subject and a predicate. It is a group of words without a verb except for the verb phrase that has a verb as its headword. The phrase is an integral part of a sentence that does not have a complete meaning on its own.<\/p>\n A phrase is made up of a headword and its modifiers. It takes its name from the headword, which is the type of words it contains. In essence, the headword of the noun phrase is a noun.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>1.2 Identify the different types of Phrases, i.e., Structural and Functional.<\/strong><\/p>\n Types of Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n Like other units of word classes, the phrase has its functions. The functions depend on its construction, that is, the type of words it contains. The phrase is divided into various types depending on their functions and constructions. The following are the types of phrases.<\/p>\n Noun Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n This is a group of words (or phrase) with the noun as its head ( obligatory head), and one or two modifiers, examples:<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n A noun phrase can function as the subject, object, and complement.<\/p>\n Subject<\/p>\n <\/p>\n An object of the verb<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Object complement<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Complement of a preposition<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Appositive in a sentence<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Note<\/strong><\/p>\n If the headword of a noun phrase is in the singular form, the noun phrase is singular, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Always use a plural noun phrase with a plural verb:<\/p>\n If the headword of a noun phrase is in its plural form, the noun phrase is plural, examples:<\/p>\n Verb Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n A verb phrase is a multi-word verb that supplies the subject’s action or state of existence in a sentence. It contains a lexical or main verb and one or more auxiliary or helping verbs, examples:<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n The verb phrase can function as the predicate of a clause, verb phrase heads, modifier, and complement.<\/p>\n Predicate<\/p>\n Verb Phrase heads<\/p>\n Noun Phrase modifier<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adjective Phrase Complement<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Verb Phrase complements<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Prepositional Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n The prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition (obligatory head), its complement or object, and modifiers of the object, examples:<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n The prepositional phrase functions as adjectives, adverbs, objects, and complements.<\/p>\n As Adjectives<\/p>\n As Adverbs<\/p>\n As an object of the verb<\/p>\n As a Complement of the subject<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adjectival Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n An adjectival phrase is a group of words headed by an adjective, examples:<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n Adjectival phrase functions as an adjective. It modifies the noun or noun phrase.<\/p>\n Modify the noun or noun phrase<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adverbial Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n An Adverbial phrase is a word group that acts as an adverb in a sentence. It is headed by an adverb.<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n Adverbial phrase modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, noun phrase, or prepositional phrase.<\/p>\n Modify verbs<\/p>\n Modify adjectives<\/p>\n Modify adverbs<\/p>\n Modify noun phrase<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Modify prepositional phrase<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Infinitive Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n This is the phrase with the infinitive (the headword), its object, complement and modifiers, examples:<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n Infinitive phrase functions as subject, object, complement, and modifier.<\/p>\n As Subject<\/p>\n As object<\/p>\n As complement<\/p>\n As modifier<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Participle Phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n This is a phrase that contains the past or present participle, its modifiers, complement, and object. It has the participle as its headword, examples:<\/p>\n Note<\/strong><\/p>\n There are two forms of the participle. They are the present participle and the past participle. The present participle should not be confused with the gerund. The gerund functions as a noun while the present participle functions as a verb. Also, the past participle takes the en, ed, d, (etc.) suffix.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n Participle phrase functions as modifiers.<\/p>\n Gerund phrase<\/strong><\/p>\n This is a phrase with the gerund as the headword. It comprises a gerund, its object, and its modifier.<\/p>\n Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n A gerund phrase functions as a subject, object, or complement.<\/p>\n As subject<\/p>\n As complement<\/p>\n <\/p>\n As an object of a preposition<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Assignment<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n CLAUSE<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>1.3 Define the Clause.<\/strong><\/p>\n A clause is a group of words that have a subject and predicate. It is not all clauses that make a complete meaning.<\/p>\n A clause is like a sentence because a sentence also has a subject and a predicate. But a sentence differs from a clause because it makes a complete meaning and can contain more than one clause.<\/p>\n Also, a clause differs from a phrase because a phrase does not have a subject and predicate.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1.4 Identify the different types of Clauses, i.e., structural, and functional.<\/strong><\/p>\n Types of Clauses<\/strong><\/p>\n There are two types of clauses:<\/p>\n The main clause (independent clause)<\/p>\n This is a clause that can function as a sentence on its own. It contains a subject, a predicate and expresses a complete thought, examples:<\/p>\n The main clause can be joined by coordinating conjunction to form complex or compound sentences. Some examples of coordinating conjunctions are, and, or, but, yet, for, not, so, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The dependent clause (subordinate clause)<\/p>\n The dependent clause is part of a sentence, but it does not make a complete statement or thought on its own. It depends on the main clause to make a complete thought, examples:<\/p>\n The dependent clause (subordinate clause) is often joined to the main clause or another subordinate clause by a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Some examples of subordinating conjunctions are, after, before, since, once, whenever, whether, although, unless, while, whereas, because, wherever, if, so that, until.<\/p>\n Also, some examples of relative pronoun are, that, who, whole, whose, which, whoever, whichever, whom, whomever, example:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Types of subordinate clause<\/strong><\/p>\n The following are some types of the subordinate clause \u2013 the noun clause (nominal), adverbial clause, and the adjectival clause.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Noun clause<\/p>\n This is a group of words containing a subject and a finite verb of its own. When it is removed from the sentence, the sentence can\u2019t make meaning. It can be introduced by that, if, whether, who, whatever, who, whether, why, when, whatever, etc., examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n A noun clause functions as a noun. These functions are as follow:<\/p>\n The subject of a sentence<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Object of verb<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Subject complement<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Apposition to the subject<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adjectival clause<\/p>\n The adjectival clause modifies the noun in the main clause. It describes a noun, pronoun, or noun equivalent. In essence, it provides extra information about the noun or pronoun.<\/p>\n When this clause is removed from a sentence, the sentence can still have complete meaning. It is a relative clause and can be introduced by the following relative pronouns, who, whom, whose, that, which, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Some Adjectival clauses (subordinate) are introduced by relative adverbs and can be called relative clauses. Some of these relative adverbs are, why, when, how, where, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adverbial clause<\/p>\n Adverbial clause functions as an adverb. It tells the when, why, how, and where. When it is removed from a sentence, the sentence can still have a complete thought, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Exercise<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1.5 Define the Sentence.<\/strong><\/p>\n The sentence is the largest independent unit of expression. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. It has a subject and a predicate and makes complete sense.<\/p>\n A sentence is said to make complete sense when it successfully conveys information about a person or thing.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1.6 Identify different types of Sentences, i.e., Structural and Functional.<\/strong><\/p>\n Classification of the sentence<\/strong><\/p>\n A sentence can be classified in two ways. The first is according to the structure while the second is according to function.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Structural classification of the sentence<\/p>\n There are four basic structures of the sentence. They are,<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Simple Sentence<\/p>\n A simple sentence contains a single independent clause. It expresses just one main idea. It contains a subject and a predicate, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Compound Sentence<\/p>\n A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., but, or, so, yet, etc.), examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Complex Sentence<\/p>\n This contains an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses, that is, one main idea and two or more supporting ideas joined with subordinating conjunctions (e.g., that, because, while, although, if, etc.), examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Compound-Complex or Multiple sentence<\/p>\n This sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one dependent clause, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Functional classification of the sentence<\/p>\n The sentence is also classified according to its function. There are four basic types of the sentence which corresponds with the basic functions. They are discussed below.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Declarative sentence<\/p>\n The declarative sentence makes statements of facts and asserts universal truth, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Imperative sentence<\/p>\n The imperative issues command, gives directives and makes mild requests, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Interrogative sentence<\/p>\n The interrogative asks questions. It ends with the question mark, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Exclamatory sentence<\/p>\n The exclamatory sentence shows strong feelings or emotions, surprise, and excitement. It ends with the exclamation mark, examples:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1.7 Construct different types of Sentences.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
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